In Pedagogy of the Oppressed, Paulo Freire talks about what he calls the banking system of education. In the banking program the student is seen as an object in which the teacher will have to location facts. The student has no responsibility for cognition of any sort the student must simply memorize or internalize what the teacher tells him or her. Paulo Freire was extremely significantly opposed to the banking technique. He argued that the banking system is a method of control and not a system meant to effectively educate. In the banking system the teacher is meant to mold and change the behavior of the students, often in a way that just about resembles a fight. The teacher tries to force data down the student’s throat that the student could not believe or care about.
This approach ultimately leads most students to dislike school. It also leads them to create a resistance and a adverse attitude towards learning in common, to the point where most persons will not seek know-how unless it is expected for a grade in a class. Freire thought that the only way to have a real education, in which the students engage in cognition, was to change from the banking program into what he defined as difficulty-posing education. Freire described how a challenge-posing educational technique could work in Pedagogy of the Oppressed by saying, “Students, as they are increasingly posed with complications relating to themselves in the world and with the planet, will really feel increasingly challenged and obliged to respond to that challenge. Due to the fact they apprehend the challenge as interrelated to other difficulties within a total context not as a theoretical question, the resulting comprehension tends to be increasingly critical and hence regularly much less alienated”(81). The educational method created by the Italian physician and educator Maria Montessori presents a tested and powerful type of problem-posing education that leads its students to raise their desire to find out as opposed to inhibiting it.
Freire presents two major troubles with the banking idea. The initially one is that in the banking notion a student is not necessary to be cognitively active. The student is meant to merely memorize and repeat info, not to realize it. This inhibits the students’ creativity, destroys their interest in the subject, and transforms them into passive learners who do not realize or believe what they are getting taught but accept and repeat it mainly because they have no other option. The second and far more dramatic consequence of the banking notion is that it provides an enormous power to these who pick what is being taught to oppress those who are obliged to study it and accept it. Freire explains that the challenges lies in that the teacher holds all the keys, has all the answers and does all the thinking. The Montessori strategy to education does the precise opposite. It makes students do all the pondering and trouble solving so that they arrive at their own conclusions. The teachers simply support guide the student, but they do not inform the student what is correct or false or how a difficulty can be solved.
In the Montessori system, even if a student finds a way to solve a issue that is slower or significantly less successful than a common mechanical way of solving the dilemma, the teacher will not intervene with the student’s process simply because this way the student learns to discover solutions by himself or herself and to think of inventive strategies to work on various problems.
The educational method in the United States, especially from grade college to the finish of higher college, is nearly identical to the banking strategy to education that Freire described. For the duration of higher school most of what students do is sit in a class and take notes. They are then graded on how effectively they total homework and projects and lastly they are tested to show that they can reproduce or use the expertise which was taught. Most of the time the students are only receptors of data and they take no aspect in the creation of information. Another way in which the U.S. education system is practically identical to the banking method of education is the grading program. The grades of students largely reflect how substantially they comply with the teacher’s suggestions and how a lot they are prepared to adhere to directions. Grades reflect submission to authority and the willingness to do what is told far more than they reflect one’s intelligence, interest in the class, or understanding of the material that is becoming taught. For instance, in a government class in the United States a student who does not agree that a representative democracy is superior to any other form of government will do worse than a student who basically accepts that a representative democracy is improved than a direct democracy, socialism, communism, or a further kind of social program. The U.S. education program rewards these who agree with what is getting taught and punishes those who do not.
Additionally, it discourages students from questioning and undertaking any pondering of their personal. Simply because of the repetitive and insipid nature of our education method, most students dislike high college, and if they do well on their work, it is merely for the objective of getting a grade as opposed to mastering or exploring a new idea.
The Montessori Technique advocates child based teaching, letting the students take manage of their personal education. In E.M Standing’s The Montessori Revolution in Education, Standing says that the Montessori Technique “is a strategy based on the principle of freedom in a prepared environment”(five). Studies completed on two groups of students of the ages of 6 and 12 comparing those who find out in a Montessori to those who find out in a regular school atmosphere show that in spite of the Montessori technique having no grading method and no obligatory work load, it does as properly as the normal technique in both English and social sciences but Montessori students do a lot greater in mathematics, sciences, and issue solving. The Montessori technique enables for students to be capable to explore their interests and curiosity freely. Due to the fact of this the Montessori method pushes students toward the active pursuit of expertise for pleasure, meaning that students will want to discover and will find out about factors that interest them basically because it is fun to do so.
Maria Montessori started to create what is now recognized as the Montessori Technique of education in the early twentieth century.
The Montessori Approach focuses on the relations in between the child, the adult, and the atmosphere. The youngster is noticed as an person in development. The Montessori technique has an implied notion of letting the child be what the kid would naturally be. Montessori believed the normal education program causes youngsters to shed numerous childish traits, some of which are deemed to be virtues. In Loeffler’s Montessori in Contemporary American Culture, Loeffler states that “amongst the traits that disappear are not only untidiness, disobedience, sloth, greed, egoism, quarrelsomeness, and instability, but also the so-named ‘creative imagination’, delight in stories, attachment to people, play, submissiveness and so forth”. Mainly because of this perceived loss of the child, the Montessori technique works to enable a youngster to naturally develop self-self-assurance as well as the potential and willingness to actively seek knowledge and come across special options to troubles by considering creatively. Yet another important distinction in how children study in the Montessori system is that in the Montessori program a youngster has no defined time slot in which to perform a job. Rather the child is allowed to carry out a process for as extended as he desires. This leads children to have a better capacity to concentrate and focus on a single task for an extended period of time than children have in the regular education program.
The role which the adult or teacher has in the Montessori technique marks an additional basic distinction between the Montessori s Process and the standard education method. With the Montessori Strategy the adult is not meant to continually teach and order the student. The adult’s job is to guide the kid so that the child will continue to pursue his curiosities and develop his or her own notions of what is genuine, proper, and true. Montessori describes the kid as an individual in intense, constant modify. From observation Montessori concluded that if allowed to create by himself, a child would usually find equilibrium with his environment, which means he would find out not to mistreat other people, for instance, and to interact positively with his peers. This is important because it leads to 1 of the Montessori Method’s most deep-seated suggestions, which is that adults ought to not let their presence be felt by the youngsters. This implies that although an adult is in the environment with the students, the adult does not necessarily interact with the students unless the students ask the adult a query or request aid. Additionally, the adult should make it so that the students do not feel like they are becoming observed or judged in any way. The adult can make suggestions to the young children, but never orders them or tells them what to do or how to do it. The adult will have to not be felt as an authority figure, but rather just about as a different peer of the kids.