Q1. What is network tackle?
Reply: We can see network and host addresses in two approaches:
one) Network-ID and Host-ID
An IP address is made of two areas, the still left element is community ID, the correct component is host ID.
For illustration, in one hundred.three.4.five, if a hundred is a community ID, then three.four.five is a host ID. If one hundred.three is network ID, then four.5 is a host ID.
two) Network-tackle and host-address. Let us search at two illustrations:
IP-address Network-ID Host-ID Community-address Host-handle Mask
one hundred.four.five.six/eight a hundred 4.5.6 100… a hundred.four.five.6 /eight
150.1.2.three/sixteen a hundred and fifty.one two.3 one hundred fifty.one.. 150.1.two.three /sixteen
Note: Community mask is introduced as /m where m is a 2-digit decimal variety between 8~31.
Note: IP, network, and host addresses are typically offered with masks.
Q2. What is mask?
Reply. IP uses network mask to break up a 32-little bit IP-deal with into network-ID and host-ID. Network-handle is manufactured of community-ID bits on the left and bits on the right.
For illustration, for 150.1.two.3/16, 16 is the network mask, a hundred and fifty.1 is community-ID, one hundred fifty.one../16 is community-handle, two.3 is host-ID, a hundred and fifty.1.2.3/16 is host-address. Community-address is used by routers to ahead packets. Host address is utilised to distinguish hosts in the identical community.
Q3. Why community addresses?
Answer: When numbers are way too numerous, we use hierarchical composition to manage them. For illustration, phone quantity are structured as.
For example, 086.021.1234.5678 is a quantity in China, Shanghais. How to change IP address on laptop is switched by country code, city code, and prefix. Structured telephone quantities are considerably less complicated to swap than flat ten-digit cellphone figures.
Web faces a similar circumstance. There are nearly 4.two billion addresses (IP has 32 bits. or 2^32 personal addresses.) Routers use routing tables to foreword packets. Naturally, it truly is much simpler for router to take care of structured addresses than 4 billion flat ones.
IP’s remedy is to use network-addresses to ahead packets, not individual types. Community mask breaks an deal with into a network-ID and a host-ID. Routing tables use network addresses, not IP addresses.
For example,
– one hundred…/8 network has 16,777,216 addresses. In a routing desk, (a hundred…/8, up coming hop interface) says: forward packets with the exact same destination network to the identical up coming hop interface.
– one hundred fifty.1../16 community has 65,536 addresses. In a routing table, (150.one../sixteen, following hop interface) takes care of forwarding 65,536 person addresses in 150.1../16 community.
– one hundred fifty.1../sixteen community has 65,536 IP addresses. In a routing desk, (a hundred and fifty.one../sixteen, following hop interface) takes care of forwarding 65,536 personal address in 150.1../16 network.
– 222.111.forty four./24 has 256 IP addresses. In a routing table, (222.111.forty four./24, up coming hop interface) forwards 256 IP addresses in 222.111.forty four. community to the up coming hop interface.
This autumn. How existing mask in decimal?
Solution. Current mask the very same way as IP address. For example.
/eight is presented as 255….
/sixteen is introduced as 255.255…
/24 is presented as 255.255.255.
Q5. Why mask duration is multiple of 8 but?
Response: There are two sort of IP addressing techniques: classful and classless. What we have talked so much is classful. Classless IP tackle can use mask of any duration. See subsequent tutorials for specifics.
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